Arbitrary bi-dimensional finite strain crack propagation

In the past two decades numerous numerical procedures for crack propagation have been developed. Lately, enrichment methods (either local, such as SDA or global, such as XFEM) have been applied with success to simple problems, typically involving some intersections. For arbitrary finite strain propagation, numerous difficulties are encountered: modeling of intersection and coalescence, step size dependence and the presence of distorted finite elements. In order to overcome these difficulties, an approach fully capable of dealing with multiple advancing cracks and self-contact is presented (see Fig.1). This approach makes use of a coupled Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method (ALE) and local tip remeshing. This is substantially less costly than a full remeshing while retaining its full versatility. Compared to full remeshing, angle measures and crack paths are superior. A consistent continuationbased linear control is used to force the critical tip to be exactly critical, while moving around the candidate set. The critical crack front is identified and propagated when one of the following criteria reaches a material limiting value: (i) the stress intensity factor; or (ii) the element-ahead tip stress. These are the control equations. The ability to solve crack intersection and coalescence problems is shown. Additionally, the independence from crack tip and step size and the absence of blade and dagger-shaped finite elements is observed. Classic benchmarks are computed leading to excellent crack path and load-deflection results, where convergence rate is quadratic

Monte Carlo Simulations of Ultrathin Magnetic Dots

In this work we study the thermodynamic properties of ultrathin ferromagnetic dots using Monte Carlo simulations. We investigate the vortex density as a function of the temperature and the vortex structure in monolayer dots with perpendicular anisotropy and long-range dipole interaction. The interplay between these two terms in the hamiltonian leads to an interesting behavior of the thermodynamic quantities as well as the vortex density.Comment: 10 figure

Multiplicity fluctuations in hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions and percolation of strings

We argue that recent NA49 results on multiparticle distributions and fluctuations, as a function of the number of participant nucleons, suggest that percolation plays an important role in particle production at high densities.Comment: 13 pages, 5 eps figures, late

An SU(5)⊗\otimesZ_{13} Grand Unification Model

We propose an SU(5) grand unified model with an invisible axion and the unification of the three coupling constants which is in agreement with the values, at $M_Z$, of $\alpha$, $\alpha_s$, and $\sin^2\theta_W$. A discrete, anomalous, $Z_{13}$ symmetry implies that the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is an automatic symmetry of the classical Lagrangian protecting, at the same time, the invisible axion against possible semi-classical gravity effects. Although the unification scale is of the order of the Peccei-Quinn scale the proton is stabilized by the fact that in this model the standard model fields form the SU(5) multiplets completed by new exotic fields and, also, because it is protected by the $Z_{13}$ symmetry.Comment: 14 pages, more typos correcte

A systematic review of life cycle sustainability assessment: current state, methodological challenges, and implementation issues

The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is a tool to assess sustainability from a life cycle perspective, which has been receiving increased attention over the years. This work presents a systematic review of the current application of LCSA, presenting the foundations, main methods, current operationalization state, and major challenges to its broad implementation. The review protocol considered the search of keywords in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search has considered the literature published or in the press until December 2018, resulting in the selection of 144 articles written in English. Of those, 71 articles operationalize LCSA in real case studies, while the remaining consist of review, viewpoint, and methodological development articles. This review demonstrates that the use of LCSA has been increasing in recent years. Today, the most applied approach is to consider LCSA as the sum of life cycle assessment, life cycle costing, and social life cycle assessment because it is built on the methodologies that already exist and are under continuous development. However, the lack of harmonization of the methodology is a central challenge to its operationalization. Therefore, LCSA still requires further improvement in, among others, definition of coherent system boundaries, the development of robust databases to allow the assessment of economic and social perspectives, definition of impact categories that allow comparability between studies, development of impact assessment methods, development of methods to carry out uncertainty analysis, and communication strategies. Besides, further case studies should be developed to support the improvement of the methodology and a better understanding of the interaction of the environmental, economic, and social aspects.publishe

Pair creation of higher dimensional black holes on a de Sitter background

We study in detail the quantum process in which a pair of black holes is created in a higher D-dimensional de Sitter (dS) background. The energy to materialize and accelerate the pair comes from the positive cosmological constant. The instantons that describe the process are obtained from the Tangherlini black hole solutions. Our pair creation rates reduce to the pair creation rate for Reissner-Nordstrom-dS solutions when D=4. Pair creation of black holes in the dS background becomes less suppressed when the dimension of the spacetime increases. The dS space is the only background in which we can discuss analytically the pair creation process of higher dimensional black holes, since the C-metric and the Ernst solutions, that describe respectively a pair accelerated by a string and by an electromagnetic field, are not know yet in a higher dimensional spacetime.Comment: 10 pages; 1 figure included; RexTeX4. v2: References added. Published version. v3: Typo in equation (46) fixe

Analisis Pragmatik Dalam Penggunaan Bahasa Iklan Di Surat Kabar the Jakarta Post Online

The purpose of this study are to describe and explain: 1) to determine how the use of the types of speech acts in the language of the ads found in the newspaper The Jakarta Post Online, 2) to determine how the process or how the formation of the language of advertising in letter The Jakarta Post online news as linguistic teaching materials. Research Design in this research was descriptive qualitative, which means providing indepth explanation of the phenomenon or object in a systematic way, based on the facts and accuracy (Moleong,2006:5). The authors applied this research method inorder to determine how to use the types of speech acts (speech act) in the language of the ads found in the newspaper The Jakarta Post Online, and how the formation of the language of advertising in the newspaper The Jakarta PostOnline. The Jakarta Post Online as the subject of this study .Object of this research was thatthere were ads on the newspaper The Jakarta Post Online".The following discussion of the study as a pre-supposition that the authors used the adsthey generally use two clauses (contained in 10 ads), and only one ads which used three clauses,namely ad restaurant Seafood House. Locutionary acts /illocutionary meaning, in outline form,the advertising writer intended to give statements about the advertised product, foe readers,illocutionary acts / illocutionary meaning, each of these ads had already targeted and specific targetedfor its prospective users. Perlocutionary acts / perlocution meaning has meaning as if the two-wayscommunication between the advertised product with potential buyers. Implicate happened is all theads implied that the advertised product is not a regular product, but they are the selected product andthe best.Suggestions related to the results of research are as follows: pragmatics is a science that isvery beneficial to the world of advertising for a product that was introduced in the community must beaccompanied by the sentence / speech / word which is able to make the prospective buyer / userinterested and decided to purchase / use these products, Science pragmatic needs to be introduced andtaught in the course is primarily for students of English Education in order to understand thecontext of what happened around them. Furthermore, the research and in-depth associated withadvertising and pragmatic needs to be held to answer curiosity more about The scientific treasures